ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - aka Render Output Units) are responsible for filling the screen with pixels (the image). Pixel rate is worked out by multiplying the number of ROPs by the clock speed of the card. Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the maximum number of pixels the graphics card could possibly record to its local memory in a second - measured in millions of pixels per second. It is measured in millions of texels applied in one second. The higher the texel rate, the better the video card will be at texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). This number is worked out by multiplying the total amount of texture units by the core clock speed of the chip. Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum amount of texture map elements (texels) that are applied per second.

It especially helps with AA, HDR and high resolutions. The higher the memory bandwidth, the better the card will be in general. If the card has DDR type memory, it should be multiplied by 2 again. It's calculated by multiplying the card's bus width by its memory clock speed. Memory Bandwidth: Memory bandwidth is the maximum amount of information (in units of megabytes per second) that can be moved over the external memory interface in a second.

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